Cite this problem as Problem 35.
Problem
Pure multiparticle quantum states are called absolutely maximally entangled (AME) or perfect tensors, if all reductions obtained by tracing out at least half of the parties are maximally mixed [1,2]. Thus, such states display maximal entanglement across every bipartition. It is then a natural question to ask for which number of
-level quantum systems such states do exist, i.e. to determine the existence of
states for all parameters
and
.
AME states can be seen as a type of quantum error correcting codes (QECCs). Using the language of QECC, the question is: for what parameters and
does a
code exist?
Partial results
As monogamy relations constrain the correlations present between subsystems of quantum states, it is not surprising that such states do not always exist. In fact, for qubits it has been shown that the cases of , and
parties are in fact the only AME states
, all of which are graph/stabilizer states. However, it is an ongoing question for which number of parties n and local dimension
such states exist. The “smallest” unknown case of existence is an AME state of four six-level systems, i.e. an
. This case is particularly interesting, as a) due to the number six not being a prime power, many known AME and QECC constructions fail and b) while
is forbidden by monogamy relations, AME states exist for four systems having
or
levels each [4].
References
[1] A.J. Scott, arXiv:quant-ph/0310137.
[2] Li et al., arXiv:1612.04504.
[3] FH et al., arXiv:1608.06228.
[4] Goyeneche et al., PRA 92, 032316 (2015).